安科瑞 嚴新亞
摘要：照明用電是學校一項基本的電力需求，學校具有區(qū)域大、房間多、燈具數(shù)量多、休息時間基本固定等諸多特點，若采用傳統(tǒng)的照明控制，往往布線繁多、不能充分利用自然光照而造成電力浪費，且控制麻煩，即使嚴格管理，仍不可避免地由于忘記關燈而造成巨大的能源浪費。為了達到節(jié)能優(yōu)化的控制效果，學校可采用智能照明控制系統(tǒng)來管理學校照明。智能照明控制系統(tǒng)與傳統(tǒng)的照明控制方式相比較，布線簡潔，控制靈活方便，可以節(jié)約電能。Abstract: lighting electricity is a basic power demand of the school. The school has many characteristics, such as large area, large number of rooms, large number of lamps and basic fixed rest time. If the traditional lighting control is adopted, the power waste is often caused by many wiring, unable to make full use of natural light, and the control trouble is inevitable because of forgetting to turn off the lights. In order to achieve the control effect of energy saving optimization, schools can use Smart lighting control system to manage school lighting. Compared with the traditional lighting control mode, the Smart lighting control system has simple wiring, flexible and convenient control, and can save electric energy.
關鍵詞：學校；照明；傳統(tǒng)照明；智能照明；節(jié)能。
Keyword: School; Lighting; Traditional Lighting; Smart Lighting; Green Energy
0.前言 Background
安科瑞智能照明控制系統(tǒng)（以下簡稱：系統(tǒng)）基于KNX總線技術，采用四芯屏蔽雙絞線將面板、傳感器、驅(qū)動器和總線電源等所有的控制模塊手拉手連接起來，將各種獨立的控制功能集成到一個系統(tǒng)中，集舒服、靈活、安全、節(jié)能經(jīng)濟、維護方便等諸多優(yōu)勢于一體。
智能便捷的控制方式還可以滿足學校照明的各種控制需求。下面介紹安科瑞智能照明控制系統(tǒng)在某中學的設計與應用，簡析KNX技術的設計規(guī)范，概述安科瑞智能照明控制系統(tǒng)的具體架構、控制方式等.
Acrel Smart Lighting Control system (hereinafter referred to as the system) is based on KNX bus technology, using four-core shielded twisted-pair wire to connect all control modules, such as panel, sensor, driver and bus power supply hand in hand, and integrates various independent control functions into a system, which integrates many advantages, such as comfort, flexibility, safety, energy saving and economy, and convenient maintenance.
Smart and convenient control mode can also meet the various control needs of school lighting. Here is the design and application of Acrel Smart lighting control system in a middle school, a brief analysis of the design specifications of KNX technology, and an overview of the specific structure and control mode of Acrel Smart lighting control system.
1.系統(tǒng)組成system composition
系統(tǒng)組成結構圖如圖1所示，總線電源、驅(qū)動器、網(wǎng)關、耦合器、輸入模塊等需安裝在配電箱內(nèi)，傳感器一般安裝在公共區(qū)，面板和觸摸屏一般安裝在房間值班室內(nèi)。注意各模塊接線不能組成環(huán)形。相對小型的項目，系統(tǒng)可選用10寸中控屏，它無需IP網(wǎng)關轉換協(xié)議，設置簡單且成本低。對于相對大型的項目，可通過IP網(wǎng)關連接到電腦，實現(xiàn)終端遠程控制。
The structure diagram of the system composition is shown in figure 1. The bus power supply, driver, gateway, coupler, input module and so on need to be installed in the distribution box, the sensor is generally installed in the common area, and the panel and touch screen are generally installed in the room duty room. Note that each module wiring can not form a ring. A relatively small project, the system can choose 10 inch central control screen, it does not need to IP the gateway conversion protocol, simple setting and low cost. For relatively large projects, the terminal remote control can be realized by connecting to the computer through the IP gateway.
Network Graph
Figure1. Acrel Smart Lighting Control System
2.項目需求Project requirements
與客戶溝通后，學校要求能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)以下控制功能：
After communicating with customers, the school requires the following control functions:
1）可以充分利用自然照度，進行節(jié)能。
2）教室、辦公室可以就地手動控制，也可后臺控制。
3）走廊燈可根據(jù)有人無人、照度條件實現(xiàn)自動控制。
4）可根據(jù)日常上下課時間實現(xiàn)定時控制。
5）可預先設置多種場景一鍵切換控制。
6）中控端可一對一、一對多實現(xiàn)分區(qū)控制。
7）值班人員可對學校照明集中控制、遠程監(jiān)控。
8）可以和消防系統(tǒng)聯(lián)動控制。
1) Fully use of natural illumination for energy saving.
2) Classroom, office can be manually controlled on the spot, but also backstage control.
3) Corridor lamp can be automatically controlled according to the condition of no one and illumination.
4) Realize timing control according to daily class time.
5) Pre-set a variety of scenarios one-click switching control.
6) Control terminal can be one-to-one, one-to-many partition control.
7) Particularly on duty staff can centralized control of school lighting, remote monitoring.
8) Shall be linked to the fire control system.
3.系統(tǒng)功能介紹 System Function
根據(jù)客戶需求，該項目可以有多種控制方式可供選擇，如本地控制、自動感應控制、定時控制、遠程集中控制等，控制方式更靈活，在實現(xiàn)自動化的同時，大量減少了值班人員的管理費用，提高了管理水平和工作效率。
According to the needs of customers, the project can have a variety of control methods to choose from, such as local control, automatic induction control, timing control, remote centralized control and so on, the control mode is more flexible, while realizing automation, It greatly reduces the management cost of duty personnel and improves the management level and working efficiency.
1）自動控制：
在走道，電梯間等公共區(qū)域，安裝二合一傳感器，可監(jiān)測當前環(huán)境的光照度及有無人活動的情況，實現(xiàn)自動控制。在照度夠用的情況下（如晴天、正午），有人或是無人，燈都不會亮；在照度不夠的情況下（如陰雨天、夜晚），有人燈亮，人走后，延時燈滅。
在教室、老師辦公室等功能區(qū)靠窗位置安裝照度傳感器，實時監(jiān)測當前照度情況，照度夠用時自動關閉靠窗位置的燈，充分利用自然照度。
2）手動控制：
各個教室、辦公室門口安裝有智能面板，可對房間內(nèi)照明實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)場手動控制。面板可實現(xiàn)一對一、一對多控制。
3）場景控制：
對學校景觀照明、教學樓大廳照明、重要會議室照明可根據(jù)不同場景的控制需求,預先設定多種場景模式，并由值班人員進行一鍵切換。
4）定時控制：
系統(tǒng)按照學校早讀和下晚自習的時間，設置定時開關，完成燈光的自動控制，確保在非工作時間內(nèi)的減小能源消耗。
5）電腦集中監(jiān)控：
電腦端控制頁面主要有首頁、樓層控制頁面組成?？梢詫崿F(xiàn)遠程實現(xiàn)集中控制，實時反饋現(xiàn)場回路的開關狀態(tài)，方便值班人員遠程監(jiān)控。
監(jiān)控軟件由標題欄、任務欄及工作界面組成。標題欄：主要體現(xiàn)項目名稱及時間。導航條（任務條）：可以在任意頁面之間進行切換、選擇。工作界面：根據(jù)樓層及房間布局，對控制進行簡單劃分，可實現(xiàn)單燈控制，多回路控制等控制功能。
首頁面作為系統(tǒng)的啟動頁，設置內(nèi)容一般可根據(jù)客戶要求，呈現(xiàn)項目介紹，項目效果圖，項目平面圖，或項目結構圖等，具體設置以實際要求為主，如圖2所示。
該項目有多個樓層控制頁面，以教室為控制單位，每個教室中有照明回路單開關和總開關、風扇空調(diào)單開關和總開關、插座電源單開關和總開關，樓層總開關及現(xiàn)場狀態(tài)反饋兩種狀態(tài)量，此外還設有定時開關方便用戶自行設置定時控制時間。
1) Automatic control:
In common areas such as walkways and elevators, two-in-one sensors can be installed to monitor the illumination of the current environment and whether there is any activity, and to realize automatic control. In the case of sufficient illumination (such as sunny days, noon), someone or no one, the lamp will not light; in the case of insufficient illumination (such as rainy days, nights), someone lights on, people go, the delay lights out.
The illuminance sensor is installed in the window position of the classroom, the teacher's office and other functional areas, and the current illumination situation is monitored in real time. When the illumination is sufficient, the lamp in the window position is automatically closed, and the natural illumination is fully utilized.
2) manual control:
Each classroom, office door is equipped with Smart panel, which can realize manual control of room lighting. Panel can achieve one-to-one, one-to-many control.
3) scene control:
For the school landscape lighting, teaching building hall lighting, important conference room lighting can be based on the control needs of different scenes, set up a variety of scene modes in advance, and by the staff on duty one-click switch.
4) timing control:
According to the time of school early reading and next evening self-study, the system sets the timing switch to complete the automatic control of lighting and ensure the reduction of energy consumption during non-working hours.
5) computer centralized monitoring:
The computer end control page mainly has the home page, the floor control page composition. It can realize remote centralized control, feedback the switch state of field loop in real time, and facilitate remote monitoring of duty personnel.
Monitoring software consists of title bar, task bar and working interface. Title bar: mainly reflects the project name and time. Navigation bar (task bar): you can switch between any page, select. Work interface: according to the floor and room layout, the control is simply divided, can achieve single lamp control, multi-loop control and other control functions.
The home page is used as the starting page of the system. The setting content can generally present the project introduction, project effect diagram, project plan, or project structure diagram according to the customer's request. The concrete setting is based on the actual requirements, as shown in figure 2.
The project has a number of floor control pages, with the classroom as the control unit, each classroom has a lighting circuit single switch and main switch, fan air conditioning single switch and main switch, socket power single switch and main switch, floor main switch and field state feedback two state quantities, In addition, there is a timing switch to facilitate users to set their own timing control time.
4.相關圖紙 Relative Drawing
學校照明系統(tǒng)采用Acrel-Bus智能照明系統(tǒng)，由于系統(tǒng)采用KNX分布式總線結構。布線簡單靈活，各模塊可獨立工作互不影響，系統(tǒng)可靠性更高。模塊工作在直流30V安全電壓下，用戶操作更加安全。升級或更改系統(tǒng)功能時，無需關閉整個系統(tǒng)，只需更改設備參數(shù)即可。系統(tǒng)報警定位功能，實時監(jiān)測并上傳集中控制端，方便設備人員準確定位并及時報修。下面通過一些項目圖紙詳細介紹該系統(tǒng)的設計流程。
The school lighting system adopts Acrel-Bus Smart lighting system, because the system adopts KNX distributed bus structure. The wiring is simple and flexible, each module can work independently without influence, and the system reliability is higher. Module working in DC 30V safe voltage, user operation is more secure. When upgrading or changing system functions, you do not need to turn off the whole system, just change the device parameters. System alarm positioning function, real-time monitoring and upload centralized control end, convenient equipment personnel accurate positioning and timely repair. The following is a detailed introduction to the design process of the system through some project drawings.
1）結構拓撲圖
系統(tǒng)結構拓撲圖（見圖3）是對項目實施整體結構布局的一個規(guī)劃，如圖可知，該學校共有A、B、C三棟樓設計了智能照明控制。由于每一層箱子比較多，所以布線的時候按樓層進行支線劃分。同一支線內(nèi)所有的控制模塊都通過總線線纜連接到一起，每條支線的所有數(shù)據(jù)量匯總到耦合器、網(wǎng)關，再經(jīng)由交換機到達監(jiān)控室，實現(xiàn)遠程集中控制。
Figure 3. Topology of System Structure
2）配電系統(tǒng)圖Distribution System Diagram
配電系統(tǒng)圖主要明確了控制回路，所需的控制模塊及其數(shù)量，方便后期ETS配置系統(tǒng)功能。以某教室智能照明配電系統(tǒng)圖（見圖4）為例，可以看到該配電箱共分配了一個12路開關驅(qū)動器，箱內(nèi)模塊可通過總線線纜連接到現(xiàn)場控制面板、傳感器等設備。
Distribution system diagram mainly defines the control circuit, the required control module and its number, convenient for the later ETS configuration system function. Taking the diagram of Smart lighting and distribution system in a classroom (see figure 4) as an example, it can be seen that the distribution box is allocated a 12-way switch driver, and the module in the box can be connected to the field control panel, sensor and other equipment through the bus cable.
Figure 4. Distribution System Diagram
5.結束語Ending
本文詳細介紹了Acrel-Bus智能照明系統(tǒng)的組成、功能和設計流程。
綜上可知，該系統(tǒng)在學校的應用具有布線簡單，用戶操作安全，系統(tǒng)可靠性更高，維護方便，操作簡單等諸多優(yōu)勢。筆者在該項目的實施中，也深刻體會到該系統(tǒng)的結構清晰，設計施工比較簡便，在使用過程中降低了能源消耗并且提高管理的水平，具有很大的推廣性。
A detailed introduction is given to the composition, function and design flow of Acrel-Bus Smart lighting system.
In summary, the application of the system in the school has many advantages, such as simple wiring, safe user operation, higher system reliability, convenient maintenance, simple operation and so on. In the implementation of the project, when you deeply realized that the structure of the system is clear, the design and construction is relatively simple, the energy consumption is reduced and the management level is improved in the process of use, and it has great popularization.
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